Discussion of the results

The different systems in the human body interact to keep the cells working during the different levels of activities. The different systems in this experiment include the circulatory system, the respiration system, the excretory system, the digestive system, and the nervous system. In the bar graphs of the results, for each different level of activity low, medium, and high, most of the class average went up for each level of activity. In other words the low level of activity made a low average and the high activity made a higher average.

When people were doing more physical activity, the cells in the muscles needed more oxygen because their cellular respiration was augmented inside the cells. The cells needed glucose. This is actually part of the cellular respiration. For the cells to function, they required inputs and outputs. The inputs were sugar and O2, and the outputs were H20 and C02.

Cellular respiration formula:
Aerobic process : C6H12O6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2 O + Energy
Anaerobic process : C6H12O6 + Non Oxygen ---> Lactic Acid

The circulatory system contains liquid (the blood system), tubes (the arteries & veins), and the pump (the heart). This system is very important because it transports the needed substances to cells for the cells to work. Blood transports oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide and part of the water. It is made up of a mixture of cells and fluid. The elements in the blood include red blood cells that are also known as erythrocytes, white blood cells that are also known as leukocytes, platelets that are also known as thrombocytes, and plasma.

Red blood cells are what carries oxygen to the tissues in the body and also carries carbon dioxide to the lungs. The white blood cells are what help fight infections and help with the immune system.

The oxygen that is carried in the blood is carried by a system of tubules. This system is made up of arties, arterioles, and capillaries. The oxygen diffused from a high concentration in the arterial capillaries into a low concentration in the cells. This process takes place in the circulatory system called diffusion.

Carbon dioxide diffused from the high concentration in the cells into a low concentration in capillaries around the cell. The capillaries bring the blood with lots of carbon dioxide to the venules, then to the veins. The veins carry the blood with the carbon dioxide to the upper and the lower vena cava. These lead into the right atrium.

Receptors, such as the one in the aorta, notice the higher amount of carbon dioxide as the blood left the left ventricle. The carbon dioxide receptor examined the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. The receptor sent a signal to the respiratory center located in the nervous system. The signal was that there was an increase or decrease in the levels of carbon dioxide. Afterwards the nervous system sent a signal to the muscles that were concerned with the respiration such as the intercostals muscles that are found in the rib cage. It is also concerned with the diaphragm so it worked faster when the levels of carbon dioxide had went up.

During the high level of activity, the abdominal muscles also got going by the respiratory system. The respiratory system takes place at the bronchioles tubes and the alveoli. This system is where inhalation and exhalation take place. When a person inhales they are inhaling 02 and when someone exhales they are exhaling CO2. When the muscles around the lungs bond, they make bigger the area around the lungs like a vacuum. The area that is around the lungs reduced the pressure in the lungs. The pressure that is outside the body was bigger at that point than in the lungs so that the outside air is put on in the lungs by the difference in the pressure. As the muscles calm down and go back to the original spot, the more the pressure on the lungs, the more power the lungs will get into the air. The lungs contained of two main sections that are the left and right lungs. The air from the outside enters through the mouth and nose. It is sent down in the lungs. In order for the heart to pump it needs oxygen. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and the veins carry blood to the heart. Pulmonary arteries are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria.

The outcomes of this experiment show that the respiration and pulse went up the more active the person was. The average results supported the hypothesis. The range in the results depended on the level of activity, some needing more oxygen, and the fitness of the person.

There were some sources of errors that occurred we some people were taking the measurements. I know this because some of the data are incorrect (see graphs). During the testing of the measurements some people maybe didn’t take the measurements right after the person was done doing their highly activity. This could of affected the results. Another error that could of occurred was that maybe the blood pressure machine wasn’t functioning properly, or perhaps it wasn’t put on right. These are all different error possibilities that could of occurred affecting the data.